Most common jobs 150 years ago in California
Everett Collection // Shutterstock
At the time of the American Revolution, most of the job market in the U.S. revolved around agriculture or food acquisition in some way. Many individuals and communities farmed for subsistence, not even growing enough to have an excess to sell for profits. As the fledgling country grew, so did its economy, springing forth during the Industrial Revolution of the late 1700s and early 1800s, and inexorably shifting the nation’s economic focus from agrarian efforts to those of manufacturing, trade, and other forms of business. Inventions like the steam engine and cotton gin accelerated production, feeding a booming job market that was met with immigrants eager to find work.
By the mid- to late-1800s, the U.S. economy and job market was characterized by successive periods of rapid growth followed by panics or depressions. This economic disquiet was caused by stock speculation and oscillating levels of trust in the federal government’s ability to regulate cash flow and support banks. In turn, the uncertain economy produced a volatile job market.
In an effort to capture a snapshot of the U.S. job market’s history, Stacker compiled a list of the most common jobs in California from 150 years ago using data from the U.S. Census Bureau. By transcribing Table XXVII from the 1870 decennial census, a state-level glimpse into the historic job market can be seen. Nationally, farmers and planters were the most common occupation 150 years ago, just one of the many agricultural jobs that made up more than 47% of all employed persons over ten years old.
Continue reading to find out more about the historical job market in your home state or explore the data on your own on our site, GitHub, or data.world.
#1. Laborers (not specified)
– California employment: 37,586
– National employment: 1,031,666
— #3 most common job in the U.S.
#2. Miners
– California employment: 36,330
– National employment: 152,107
— #10 most common job in the U.S.
#3. Farmers and planters
– California employment: 24,061
– National employment: 2,977,711
— #1 most common job in the U.S.
#4. Agricultural laborers
– California employment: 16,231
– National employment: 2,885,996
— #2 most common job in the U.S.
#5. Domestic servants
– California employment: 15,472
– National employment: 975,734
— #4 most common job in the U.S.
#6. Carpenters and joiners
– California employment: 7,413
– National employment: 344,596
— #5 most common job in the U.S.
#7. Clerks in stores
– California employment: 5,040
– National employment: 222,504
— #6 most common job in the U.S.
#8. Draymen, hackmen, teamsters, &c
– California employment: 4,582
– National employment: 120,756
— #13 most common job in the U.S.
#9. Launderers and laundresses
– California employment: 4,043
– National employment: 60,906
— #21 most common job in the U.S.
#10. Traders and dealers (not specified)
– California employment: 3,517
– National employment: 100,406
— #15 most common job in the U.S.
#11. Blacksmiths
– California employment: 3,310
– National employment: 141,774
— #11 most common job in the U.S.
#12. Sailors
– California employment: 2,531
– National employment: 56,663
— #23 most common job in the U.S.
#13. Boot and shoe makers
– California employment: 2,501
– National employment: 171,127
— #7 most common job in the U.S.
#14. Gardeners and nurserymen
– California employment: 2,355
– National employment: 31,435
— #42 most common job in the U.S.
#15. Restaurant-keepers
– California employment: 2,347
– National employment: 35,185
— #38 most common job in the U.S.
#16. Teachers (not specified)
– California employment: 1,953
– National employment: 126,822
— #12 most common job in the U.S.
#17. Stock-herders
– California employment: 1,930
– National employment: 5,590
— #128 most common job in the U.S.
#18. Cigar-makers
– California employment: 1,900
– National employment: 28,286
— #46 most common job in the U.S.
#19. Stock-raisers
– California employment: 1,860
– National employment: 6,588
— #120 most common job in the U.S.
#20. Painters and varnishers
– California employment: 1,850
– National employment: 85,123
— #18 most common job in the U.S.
#21. Traders and dealers in groceries
– California employment: 1,840
– National employment: 74,410
— #19 most common job in the U.S.
#22. Employees of railroad companies (not clerks)
– California employment: 1,742
– National employment: 154,027
— #9 most common job in the U.S.
#23. Tailors, tailoresses, and seamstresses
– California employment: 1,708
– National employment: 161,820
— #8 most common job in the U.S.
#24. Butchers
– California employment: 1,686
– National employment: 44,354
— #27 most common job in the U.S.
#25. Milliners, dress and mantua makers
– California employment: 1,507
– National employment: 92,084
— #16 most common job in the U.S.
#26. Lumbermen and raftsmen
– California employment: 1,366
– National employment: 17,752
— #61 most common job in the U.S.
#27. Officials of Government
– California employment: 1,282
– National employment: 44,743
— #26 most common job in the U.S.
#28. Physicians and surgeons
– California employment: 1,257
– National employment: 62,383
— #20 most common job in the U.S.
#29. Barbers and hairdressers
– California employment: 1,154
– National employment: 23,935
— #52 most common job in the U.S.
#30. Woodchoppers
– California employment: 1,151
– National employment: 8,338
— #99 most common job in the U.S.
#31. Saw-mill operatives
– California employment: 1,150
– National employment: 47,298
— #25 most common job in the U.S.
#32. Hotel-keepers
– California employment: 1,116
– National employment: 26,394
— #49 most common job in the U.S.
#33. Lawyers
– California employment: 1,115
– National employment: 40,736
— #35 most common job in the U.S.
#34. Printers
– California employment: 1,045
– National employment: 39,860
— #36 most common job in the U.S.
#35. Dairymen and dairywomen
– California employment: 1,010
– National employment: 3,550
— #157 most common job in the U.S.
#36. Tinners
– California employment: 998
– National employment: 30,524
— #44 most common job in the U.S.
#37. Engineers and firemen
– California employment: 979
– National employment: 34,233
— #40 most common job in the U.S.
#38. Barkeepers
– California employment: 955
– National employment: 14,362
— #74 most common job in the U.S.
#39. Fishermen and oystermen
– California employment: 951
– National employment: 27,106
— #48 most common job in the U.S.
#40. Soldiers (United States Army)
– California employment: 940
– National employment: 22,081
— #56 most common job in the U.S.
#41. Laborers
– California employment: 914
– National employment: 14,882
— #72 most common job in the U.S.
#42. Book-keepers and accountants in stores
– California employment: 890
– National employment: 31,177
— #43 most common job in the U.S.
#43. Bakers
– California employment: 870
– National employment: 27,680
— #47 most common job in the U.S.
#44. Hostlers
– California employment: 840
– National employment: 17,586
— #62 most common job in the U.S.
#45. Manufacturers
– California employment: 819
– National employment: 42,877
— #29 most common job in the U.S.
#46. Boarding and lodging house keepers
– California employment: 763
– National employment: 12,785
— #77 most common job in the U.S.
#47. Employees of manufacturing establishments
– California employment: 731
– National employment: 20,242
— #59 most common job in the U.S.
#48. Harness and saddle makers
– California employment: 719
– National employment: 32,817
— #41 most common job in the U.S.
#49. Masons, brick and stone
– California employment: 714
– National employment: 89,710
— #17 most common job in the U.S.
#50. Porters in stores and warehouses
– California employment: 671
– National employment: 16,631
— #67 most common job in the U.S.
