What we know about the school shooting that left 2 people dead at a private Christian school in Madison, Wisconsin

By Elizabeth Wolfe, Chris Boyette, Shimon Prokupecz, Hanna Park and Holly Yan, CNN

(CNN) — Police are investigating why a teenage girl brought a handgun to her small Christian school in Wisconsin and opened fire, killing two people and wounding several others a week before Christmas.

A student and a teacher were killed, and six people were taken to area hospitals, Madison police said. The slain victims haven’t been publicly identified.

Madison police identified the shooter as 15-year-old Natalie Rupnow, a student at Abundant Life Christian School. Evidence suggests the shooter, who also went by the name “Samantha,” died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound, Police Chief Shon Barnes said.

LIVE COVERAGE: Authorities identify suspect in Madison, Wisconsin, school shooting

Here’s what we know about the shooting and the investigation:

How the deadly attack unfolded

Hours before the shooting began Monday, students from kindergarten to high school filed onto the school’s 28-acre campus. They had a week of festivities to look forward to, including a holiday concert and an Ugly Christmas Sweater Day, according to the school’s website.

The shooter entered the school at the beginning of the day with the rest of the students, police said.

Late Monday morning, the shooter was in a study hall classroom with students from mixed grades, the police chief said. The teen pulled out a handgun and opened fire, unleashing bullets that were “confined to one space,” Barnes said.

The shooter did not appear to target specific individuals and shot indiscriminately at students and teachers alike, Barnes said, adding, “Everyone was targeted in this incident, and everyone was put in equal danger.”

At 10:57 a.m., a second-grade teacher called 911 to report a school shooting, Barnes said. Previously, Barnes said a second-grade student had called 911 before correcting himself Tuesday.

A deputy from the Dane County Sheriff’s Office was the first to arrive on the scene at 11 a.m. The first Madison police officer arrived 24 seconds later and immediately entered the school.

A group of police medics were in a training session on mass trauma incidents about 3 miles away, Barnes said.

“They left the training center immediately and came down here — and doing in real time what they were actually practicing for,” Barnes said.

“When officers arrived, they found multiple victims suffering from gunshot wounds.

How students responded

The police medics weren’t the only ones trained to respond to a mass shooting. The children at Abundant Life had practiced shooter drills before Monday’s tragedy.

“When they heard ‘lockdown, lockdown’ and nothing else – they knew it was real,” said Barbara Wiers, director of elementary and school relations for Abundant Life.

“They were clearly scared,” Wiers said, “but they handled themselves brilliantly.”

Sixth grader Adler Jean-Charle was in class with his twin brother at the time of the shooting. He recalled hearing two gunshots and asking the same question many across America are wondering now: “Why did they do that?”

“We heard them and then some people started crying,” Adler said. “Then we just waited until the police came to escort us out to the church.”

Rebekah Smith hadn’t heard about the shooting until she received a text from her 17-year-old daughter that read, “Mom, I’m okay.”

“Immediately, ya know, there’s a pit in your stomach,” James Smith, Rebekah’s husband, told CNN on Tuesday. “And you’re like, alright, what does this mean for my child?

“You plan for these things, and you don’t want to have to, but it’s the world that we live in currently,” James said.

Abundant Life had planned to dismiss its students next week for the Christmas holiday, but the school announced Tuesday it has closed early because of the shooting. In a message on its website, it said those wishing to support the school can donate to the Abundant Life Christian School Emergency and Recovery Fund, which will be used to aid people impacted by the tragedy.

The attack at Abundant Life is at least the 83rd school shooting of 2024, surpassing 2023 for the most school shootings in a single year since CNN began tracking such shootings in 2008.

Of the 83 school shootings this year, 56 have been reported on K-12 campuses and 27 on university and college campuses. The deadliest school shooting of the year was in Winder, Georgia, where four victims were left dead at Apalachee High School.

“I hoped that this day would never come in Madison,” Mayor Satya Rhodes-Conway said Monday. “It is not something that any mayor, any fire chief, any police chief, any person in public office ever wants to have to deal with.”

What we know about the shooter and the investigation

Natalie Rupnow attended the private school, which serves some 420 students in grades kindergarten through 12, officials said. The school’s website boasts “smaller class sizes” catering to students from about 200 families in the Dane County area.

Federal and local investigators are trying to determine the shooter’s motive and where the teen’s gun came from.

Identifying the motive is “our top priority,” Barnes said Tuesday. “But at this time, it appears that the motive was a combination of factors.”

Investigators haven’t revealed any prior encounters with Rupnow or any known problems. Police have been speaking with Rupnow’s family members, who are cooperating with the investigation.

Police are looking into whether the shooter’s parents owned the gun, Barnes said.

“We also want to look at if the parents may have been negligent. And that’s a question that we’ll have to answer with our district attorney’s office,” Barnes said. “But at this time, that does not appear to be the case.”

Rhodes-Conway said Tuesday it is “far too early” to determine whether the shooter’s parents will face criminal charges.

Madison police are also working with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to find the origin of the gun.

“We have asked our partners with the ATF to expedite what’s called an ATF trace form to try and determine the origin of that weapon, who purchased it and how it got from a manufacturer all the way to the hands of a 15-year-old girl,” Barnes said. “These are questions that are going to take some time to answer.”

When asked about the shooter’s gender identity, police emphasized the need for greater responsibility on social media regarding posts about the shooter, and urged people on the internet to leave out their personal biases.

“I don’t know whether Natalie was transgender or not. And quite frankly, I don’t think that’s important at all,” Barnes said.

It’s relatively rare for a school shooter to be female: CNN has documented 83 school shootings in 2024, and of the 59 where the gender identity of the suspected shooter was available, only two were female. The others involved either lone male suspects or a group of male suspects.

Investigators are looking into online posts and a possible manifesto that might be linked to the shooter, the police chief said Tuesday.

“We have been made aware of a manifesto, if you want to call it that, or some type of letter that’s been posted by someone who alleged to be her friend. We haven’t been able to locate that person yet, but that’s something we’re going to work on today,” Barnes said.

Later Tuesday, the police chief said the document has been shared widely on social media, but detectives have yet to verify its authenticity.

“We’ll also be looking through her effects – if she had a computer or cell phone – to see if there are any transmissions between her and someone else.”

Law enforcement officials are working to interview witnesses, and students are being encouraged to speak only when they feel ready, the police chief said.

“We’re not going to interrogate students. We’re going to give them an opportunity to come in and speak to what they may have saw when they feel ready,” Barnes said.

In the meantime, police are asking anyone who knew the shooter or may have insight into her thinking leading up to the attack to contact the Madison Area Crime Stoppers.

Local and national leaders call for action

President Joe Biden called for more action to address gun violence after yet another tragic school shooting.

“From Newtown to Uvalde, Parkland to Madison, to so many other shootings that don’t receive attention – it is unacceptable that we are unable to protect our children from this scourge of gun violence,” Biden said in a statement Monday. “Every child deserves to feel safe in their classroom.”

He called on Congress to “pass commonsense gun safety laws,” including universal background checks, a national red flag law and a ban on assault weapons and high-capacity magazines.

“We can never accept senseless violence that traumatizes children, their families, and tears entire communities apart,” Biden said.

Barnes, who was a teacher before he became a police officer, said he was devastated to learn students had been shot in his own city. He called for greater action to prevent such tragedies, often seen on the news, from becoming reality in other communities across the country.

“We have to come together to do everything we can to support our students, to prevent press conferences like these from happening again and again and again,” Barnes said. “I think we can all agree that enough is enough.”

CNN’s Elise Hammond, Aditi Sangal, Tori B. Powell, Josh Campbell, Alex Leeds Matthews, Gillian Roberts, Betsy Klein, Steve Almasy, Dakin Andone, Alex Leed Matthews, Leigh Waldman and Joel Williams contributed to this report.

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